The Siljan Ring () is a prehistoric impact structure in Dalarna, central Sweden.[J.R. Morrow and C.A. Sandberg (2005). Revised Dating Of Alamo And Some Other Late Devonian Impacts In Relation To Resulting Mass Extinction, 68th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting (2005)] although the timing of this extinction event has since been pushed forward to 371.93–371.78 Ma.
The area around the Siljan Ring has been the site of recent prospecting for oil and natural gas, though none of the projects has so far been commercially viable. There are large deposits of lead and zinc near Boda at the eastern edge of the Ring.
There are several lakes in the vicinity, the largest of which is Siljan on the south-southwestern edge of the crater, with the smaller Orsa Lake to the west and Skattungen and Ore on the northeastern margin.
Geology
The Siljan Ring consists of an outcrop of Lower
Paleozoic within
Proterozoic granites of the Dala series.
The impact event is estimated to have had an energy of 1.94 × 1022 J, with the diameter of the impactor being 5 km.
Basement rocks
In Dalarna, the basement rocks consist of granites dated as 1.6 billion years old, putting them at the boundary between the
Paleoproterozoic and the
Mesoproterozoic. They were emplaced shortly after the Svecokarelian orogeny.
Sedimentary rocks
The oldest sedimentary rocks that outcrop in the Siljan area are of
Ordovician age. The sequence is dominated by limestone formations with one prominent black shale, the Fjäcka Shale, which is
bitumen and has generated petroleum, sourcing the oil found in limestone cavities in the same area.
The Ordovician sequence is overlain by rocks of the
Llandovery epoch (Lower
Silurian).
Glaciation
During the last ice age the area was covered by a thick icesheet. The
bedrock was sculpted by the ice, with the softer Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks being preferentially eroded. These erosional hollows are now occupied by lakes Siljan,
Orsa Lake, Skattungen and Ore.
Oil and gas prospecting
In accordance with theories about abiogenic petroleum (that
can be formed without involving material from dead plants and animals),
astrophysicist Thomas Gold suggested that there might be major deposits of
oil and
natural gas in the area. Drilling was carried out in the late 1980s and early 1990s but proved inconclusive.
[Glasby (2006)] Drilling for natural gas was resumed in the late 2000s and continued as of mid-2012. The scientific premise for prospecting of this sort is based on the work of physicist Vladimir Kutcherov, who is cooperating with Igrene, the company financing the drilling operations.
[Bo Joffer, " Igrene förlänger runt Siljansringen , DT.se, 26 June 2012 (in Swedish). Accessed 13 July 2012."] In 2019, a study of gases and secondary minerals revealed that long-term microbial methanogenesis and methane oxidation have occurred deep within the fracture system of the crater (for at least 80 million years).
and in 2021 a study revealed findings of fossilized anaerobic fungi that had lived in consortium with methanogens deep in the crater.
. In 2025, two studies focused on the microbial communities of deep groundwaters in the crater rim concluded that microbial methanogenesis is an active processes and what communities and metabolic pathways that are involved
[van Dam F, Westmeijer G, Rezaei Somee M, Ketzer M, Kietäväinen R, Ono S, Bertilsson S, McIntosh JC, Dopson M, Drake H. 0. Active methylotrophic methanogenesis by a microbial consortium enriched from a terrestrial meteorite impact crater. mBio 0:e03017-25.
]
/ref>.
Bibliography
External links
